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ГИПЕРТЕРМИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Аннотация
Цель – на основании обзора современных литературных источников охарактеризовать эпидемиологию, этиологию, способы дифференциальной диагностики, методы терапии гипертермических состояний у пациентов с повреждением центральной нервной системы.
Материалы и методы. Обзор важнейших современных публикаций в отечественной и зарубежной литературе по проблеме гипертермических состояний у пациентов нейрохирургического профиля, в том числе по базам данных eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, по ключевым словам, «гипертермия», «центрогенная гипертермическая реакция», «лихорадка», «нейрогенная лихорадка», «головной мозг», «черепно-мозговая травма», «субарахноидальное кровоизлияние» и их комбинациям.
Результаты. Повышенная температура тела у пациентов нейрохирургического профиля – весьма распространенное состояние, она может быть как инфекционного, так и неинфекционного генеза. В свою очередь, центрогенная гипертермия – достаточно распространенная причина высокой температуры тела неинфекционного генеза. До сих пор нет однозначного ответа о механизмах развития, нет четких диагностических критериев, не разработано единой эффективной и безопасной методики купирования этого состояния. Традиционная антипиретическая фармакотерапия малоэффективна при центрогенной гипертермии, а результаты клинических исследований, посвященных оценке эффективности и безопасности различных методик физического охлаждения, которые в этом случае выходят на первый план, до настоящего времени достаточно противоречивы.
Выводы. Ранняя дифференциальная диагностика гипертермических состояний у пациентов с повреждением центральной нервной системы позволяет выбрать правильную тактику лечения и повысить качество результатов лечения.Ключевые слова
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